Gastric Sleeve

Procedure Details

What Is Gastric Sleeve Surgery

Gastric sleeve surgery is a restrictive bariatric procedure that reduces stomach capacity without altering the intestines. 

Following the procedure, the remaining stomach takes the shape of a narrow tube, significantly limiting food intake while maintaining normal digestion.

Gastric sleeve surgery also removes the portion of the stomach responsible for producing ghrelin, the hormone that stimulates hunger. This hormonal effect contributes to reduced appetite and improved long-term weight control.

Why Is Gastric Sleeve Performed?

Gastric sleeve surgery is recommended for individuals with moderate to severe obesity who have not achieved sufficient results through non-surgical methods such as diet, exercise, or medication.

The gastric sleeve procedure is commonly performed to:

• Support long-term weight loss

• Improve or resolve obesity-related diseases

• Reduce cardiovascular risk factors

• Enhance mobility and daily functioning

• Improve overall quality of life

How Does Gastric Sleeve Work?

The gastric sleeve procedure works through two primary mechanisms:

• Restriction: The reduced stomach capacity limits food intake to approximately 100–150 ml, promoting early satiety.

• Hormonal Changes: Removal of the stomach fundus decreases ghrelin production, leading to reduced hunger and appetite.

Unlike gastric bypass, following gastric sleeve surgery, the digestive tract remains intact, allowing normal nutrient absorption while still achieving effective weight loss.

Who Is a Candidate for Gastric Sleeve Surgery?

Gastric sleeve surgery is typically recommended for individuals who meet specific medical and lifestyle criteria.

Ideal candidates include patients who:

• Have a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher

• Have a BMI of 35 or higher with obesity-related conditions such as diabetes or hypertension

• Have not achieved sustainable weight loss through conservative methods

• Are medically fit for surgery

• Are committed to long-term lifestyle and dietary changes

• Prefer a procedure without intestinal rerouting or malabsorption

Patients are also expected to have realistic expectations and participate in structured follow-up care after surgery.

How Is Gastric Sleeve Surgery Performed?

Gastric sleeve surgery is performed under general anesthesia using laparoscopic or robotic techniques.

During the procedure, small incisions are made in the abdomen to insert surgical instruments and a camera. The stomach is carefully separated from the surrounding tissues, and approximately 80% is removed using surgical stapling devices.

The gastric sleeve operation typically takes 60 to 90 minutes, and most patients begin mobilization within hours after surgery.

Gastric Sleeve vs Gastric Bypass

Risks / Benefits

Benefits of Gastric Sleeve Surgery

The main benefits of gastric sleeve surgery include:

• Significant and sustained weight loss (typically 50–70% of excess weight within two years)

• Improvement or resolution of type 2 diabetes

• Reduction in hypertension (high blood pressure)

• Improved cholesterol levels

• Better breathing and reduced risk of sleep apnea

• Decreased joint pain and improved mobility

• Positive hormonal changes that may support fertility

• Helps regulate conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Risks and Potential Complications

Although generally considered safe, gastric sleeve surgery is still a major surgical procedure and carries certain risks, particularly if post-operative guidelines are not followed.

• Bleeding or infection after surgery

• Risk of blood clots

• Rare but serious staple line leakage

• Development or worsening of acid reflux (GERD)

• Potential nutritional deficiencies requiring monitoring

• Nausea or vomiting, especially in early recovery

• Formation of strictures (narrowing of the stomach)

• Possible gradual stomach expansion over time if dietary guidelines are not followed

Recovery and Outlook

Recovery after gastric sleeve surgery is generally well-tolerated, with most patients experiencing a gradual return to normal activities. 

The recovery process involves both physical healing and adaptation to new dietary habits, which are essential for long-term success.

• First 24–48 hours: Patients remain in the hospital for monitoring. Mild pain, nausea, or fatigue may occur but are managed with medication.

• First week: A liquid diet is followed. Patients begin light movement and short walks to support recovery.

• 1–2 weeks: Most patients return to normal daily activities, though strenuous activity should still be avoided.

• 2–4 weeks: Transition from pureed to soft foods. Energy levels improve as the body continues healing.

• After 4 weeks: Solid foods are gradually reintroduced. Long-term dietary habits, regular exercise, and follow-ups become essential for sustained results.

When to Call the Doctor

Because early medical evaluation is critical after gastric sleeve surgery, patients should contact their doctor if they experience:

• Severe or worsening abdominal pain

• Fever or chills

• Signs of infection at incision sites (redness, swelling, discharge)

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

• Chest pain

• Persistent nausea or vomiting

• Inability to tolerate liquids

• Signs of internal bleeding (dizziness, weakness, rapid heartbeat)

Additional Common Questions

How much weight can I lose after gastric sleeve surgery?

Most patients lose 50–70% of their excess body weight within 12 to 24 months.

Is gastric sleeve surgery safe?

Yes. It is considered one of the safest bariatric procedures when performed by experienced surgeons.

Will I need to take vitamins after surgery?

Yes. Patients are typically advised to take daily vitamin supplements to prevent deficiencies.

Can the stomach stretch again after surgery?

Yes, if dietary guidelines are not followed. Long-term success depends on maintaining proper eating habits.

How long do the results last?

Results can be long-lasting if patients follow recommended lifestyle changes and medical guidance.

What is the average cost of gastric sleeve surgery in Turkey?

In general, gastric sleeve surgery in Turkey costs between $3,200-$4,200.